I have been reading a 2018 Aberdeen doctoral thesis by Martha Johnson on the rocks of the Ness of Brodgar -- and also looking at a video which is tied in to the archaeological investigations on the site:
https://abdn.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/delivery/44ABE_INST:44ABE_VU1/12153047130005941
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwTs-QVvB7U
She has spent a great deal of time and effort in examining the "foreign rock" boulders, slabs, pebbles and artefacts in and around the sites of the archaeological investigations, and purports to be seeking to understand why these stones were used, and where they came from. So far, so good. But in spite of the fact that she mentions the presence of glacial till and has a few mentions of the glaciation of Orkney, nowhere does she discuss ice movement across Orkney or explain that the great bulk of the stones examined are glacial erratics. She simply slides over the issue of how the stones got to the site, simply assuming that they were sourced, collected or gathered from specially selected sites by the people who inhabited the Ness. She says the foreign rocks were "transported to and utilized within the site"........... and statements like this are scattered throughout the text. In one place she states that well rounded pebbles found in the digs were collected from nearby beaches -- apparently oblivious to the fact that glacial deposits frequently contain old beach pebbles incorporated into the glacier bed during glacial episodes.
This is quite extraordinary, coming as it is from someone who now holds a doctorate. I suppose that archaeology in Aberdeen is afflicted by Post-Processualism and claims to go beyond boring things like evidence collecting into the realms of behavioural science and psychology -- but to completely ignore the natural processes that might have carried most, if not all, of the foreign stones to the site smacks of carelessness and one-track thinking -- and that is about as polite as I can get.
This research introduced a geological perspective into an archaeological setting,
the Ness of Brodgar, a Middle to Late Neolithic site in the West Mainland of
Orkney. Discovered in 2003, the site is located on an isthmus of land between
two lochs and is equidistant between the Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of
Stenness stone circles. The site consists of more than two dozen drystone
buildings encircled by a massive wall. To date, ten per cent of the site has been
excavated.
This research established a systematic framework of protocols and procedures for
the recovery, macro geological assessment and identification of the rock and
mineral species in the non-tool, non-structural rocks, termed Foreign Stone for
this research. Once identified, the frequency and distribution of the rock in the
Foreign Stone finds were calculated, providing a geological basis for
understanding any patterns of rock choice across the site. Integrated into a more
conventional archaeological study of the Worked Stone artefacts was a
systematic macro petrological analysis of these finds. Additionally, selected
segments of the interior drystone walling were assessed to identify the rock in the
various members. These petrologic analyses combined to provide insight into the
range of rocks transported to and utilized within the site. Comparative analysis of
the data from all three aspects, Foreign Stone, Worked Stone and Walling, was
undertaken to identify trends in frequencies and patterns of use of the various
rock species. Archival and more current information on the petrologic resources
available within Orkney were synthesized in a gazetteer identifying the location(s)
of rock outcrops and deposits. This permitted the source location(s) of many of
the rocks from the Ness of Brodgar to be identified.
Reference:
Peach, B. N. and Horne, J. (1880) ‘The Glaciation of the Orkney Islands’,
Quarterly Journal of the Geological, 36(1-4), pp. 648-663
===============================
Thesis Abstract
This research introduced a geological perspective into an archaeological setting,
the Ness of Brodgar, a Middle to Late Neolithic site in the West Mainland of
Orkney. Discovered in 2003, the site is located on an isthmus of land between
two lochs and is equidistant between the Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of
Stenness stone circles. The site consists of more than two dozen drystone
buildings encircled by a massive wall. To date, ten per cent of the site has been
excavated.
This research established a systematic framework of protocols and procedures for
the recovery, macro geological assessment and identification of the rock and
mineral species in the non-tool, non-structural rocks, termed Foreign Stone for
this research. Once identified, the frequency and distribution of the rock in the
Foreign Stone finds were calculated, providing a geological basis for
understanding any patterns of rock choice across the site. Integrated into a more
conventional archaeological study of the Worked Stone artefacts was a
systematic macro petrological analysis of these finds. Additionally, selected
segments of the interior drystone walling were assessed to identify the rock in the
various members. These petrologic analyses combined to provide insight into the
range of rocks transported to and utilized within the site. Comparative analysis of
the data from all three aspects, Foreign Stone, Worked Stone and Walling, was
undertaken to identify trends in frequencies and patterns of use of the various
rock species. Archival and more current information on the petrologic resources
available within Orkney were synthesized in a gazetteer identifying the location(s)
of rock outcrops and deposits. This permitted the source location(s) of many of
the rocks from the Ness of Brodgar to be identified.
======================
Ironically, there is another YouTube video on the glaciation of Orkney, presented by Dr Adrian Hall and Dr John Brown -- in which there is a clear description of the glacial deposits, ice movement directions and glacial landforms of the islands. Martha Johnson does list till occurrences in her thesis, and cites Peach and Horne -- but apparently sees no connection at all between her work and that of geomorphologists and geologists. Weird.
Reference:
Peach, B. N. and Horne, J. (1880) ‘The Glaciation of the Orkney Islands’,
Quarterly Journal of the Geological, 36(1-4), pp. 648-663
This all brings into mind the obsessive refusal to talk about, or even mention, glacial erratics and erratic transport in all the articles about West Wales and the bluestones written by Parker Pearson, Bevins, Ixer, Pearce et al. They do occasionally mention till, but whenever they talk about monoliths, they fail to mention that the whole landscape of Preseli is littered with glacial erratics -- some very local and some far-travelled. They simply assume that these erratics and the associated ice movement directions are of no relevance whatsoever to their studies, and talk instead of stones being "chosen", "selected", "fetched", "sourced" or "quarried" from the spots which they see as provenance locations.
This is of course completely unscientific and even bizarre. So why are grown men so frightened by an assortment of rather innocuous and innocent pebbles and boulders which surely deserve to be taken into consideration, like all other sweet little stones? Answers on a postcard please.......
8 comments:
Nick Card, who is the lead archaeologist involved in the remarkable Ness of Brodgar excavations over the past 20 years, would be well worth contacting. He's on Facebook amongst other means of communication.
Interesting video by the two old gents who seem to know what they are talking about even if they have me scratching my head about the number of curries on Orkney (joke).
Someone was kind enough to give me a link to the latest Ixer/Bevins headline grabber this silly season, the link I am happy to share with us here.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07652-1
The two gents seem to be saying that there is evidence for glacial transportation during the last maximum down to Loch Lomond near Glasgow. The drift over the Orkneys was towards the North West and the ice would have joined with southern moving drifts. Hopefully Brian can inform us better as time goes by.
The Orkney landscape reminds me of the glacial remains in Preselli, familiar even. The film is a great primer for someone like me who is not a geologist even remotely. I will watch again this evening after my curry dinner.
Hi Chris -- yes, Adrian hall is a very experienced glacial geomorphologist with a great track record. I don't know the other presenter. It's extraordinary that there seems to be no communication between these guys and the archaeologists working at the Ness. re ice directions etc, I will be doing a post on this. I'm getting a flood of messages about this latest paper from the "spot provenancing" gang, described by one senior geologist as "horseshit". Very undiplomatic language, but I think I know where he is coming from...... Anyway, watch this space.....
Brian - I'm looking forward to seeing you post something soon about the Orkney origin of the Stonehenge 'altar' stone.
I'm trying, Ian -- but the phone hasn't stopped ringing this morning...........
I commented a while back on X. The Anglian glaciation could easily played a role. Stephan Harrison
Good to hear from you, Stephan! Yes, we are still largely in the dark about where the icesheds were and what the flow patterns looked like in the Anglian and other older glaciations -- but there could have been multiple short transport phases and lots of recycling of older deposits and erratics. My main concerns are with the quality of the provenancing work when you are dealing with sedimentary ORS sequences up to 10 km thick.......
I of course gave short shrift to Tim Daw and suggested to Simon Banton not to be so exultant.......YET.! But I was disappointed to read that Professor Jim Leary now of York, has joined the bandwagon, another case of premature excitement methinks. I used to think Jim was more reflective and properly thoughtful. Even the BBC 10 o' clock news lady presenter, normally immaculate, told us Stonehenge was in Salisbury.
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